ENGL 505B

Hey guys, here is what I used for my second 3-5 page paper.
Second Paper
Write a no less than 3 and no more than 5 page paper on one of the five topics which we selected in class. You may write either an expository essay or an argumentative essay. If you decide to write an argumentative essay, you may use one of the two following structures for the organization of your essay.
I.The Classical Arrangement
1. Introduction
 Introduce your debatable topic and capture the attention of your audience.
 Pathos (emotional appeal) offers a good introduction but you can employ any appeal.
 Begin establishing your credibility (ethos) and common ground.
 State the current discussion.
 Define key terms.
 Draw the attention of your audience to especially important facts and explain why these are meaningful.
2. Proposition (your thesis statement of claim)
 Introduce the position you are taking; i.e. present the argument itself.
 Provide the basic reasons for your belief (for the purpose of this paper you should have no less than three basic support factors).
 Frame this position as a thesis statement or claim.
Example: The abortion struggle should be understood as a three-way debate: among liberals, who believe that to let each of us do as we like will work out for the best; pro-lifers, who cling to one ultimate good at the expense of the others; and those committed to conserving middle-class families, sometimes at the expense of “choice,” sometimes at the expense of “life” (Lunsford and Bridges 410).
3. Poof or confirmation
 Present clear, relevant, and representative reasons for the position you take.
 Provide credible support for each reason (facts, expert testimony, representative accounts, statistics, etc.).
4. Refutation
 Recognize and disprove arguments against your position.
 Use logical appeal (logos) and credible support (ethos) to disprove such arguments.
5. Concession
 Find at least one point from the opposition’s side with which you agree or that you see has merit.
 Show why conceding to this point does not damage your case.
6. Conclusion
 Summarize your most important points.
 Appeal to your audience’s felling—make a personal connection.
 Describe the consequences of your argument to encourage your readers to a particular course of action or commitment.
 If you are offering a partial solution, concede that further work may be necessary.
II. The Rogerian Argument
1. Introduction
 Introduce the topic by entering the discussion of views that are different than your own.
 Establish your credibility and build trust by stating these oppositional views clearly and fairly.
2. Concessions
 Reassure your opponents by conceding those points which you see have validity.
 Keep trust by avoiding patronizing or condescending tones.
3. Thesis
 Utilizing a transitional phrase, move your text from concession to your position.
i. Example: Although …. (your opposition’s point).., your topic should (your point)….
ii. The world “should” in your thesis separates the argument from the claims you offer in support of your position.
 Having earned the confidence of your audience, state your position writing a clear and firm thesis.
 Include at least three support points in your thesis. (See the example in the classical arrangement)
4. Support
 Provide credible support for each point made in your thesis: facts, representative accounts, statistics, etc.
5. Conclusion
 Show how your audience and other people could benefit by accepting your position.
 If you are offering a partial solution, concede that further work may be necessary.

What you will turn in:
 All the drafts with annotations made by you and by your peer in class
 A copy of the sources which you utilize in your paper with the portions that you paraphrase or quote highlighted
 The Peer Critique sheet(s)
 An outline of your paper
Visual Rhetoric Assignment
Look for a visual advertisement for your topic on the Internet, on college campuses, in store windows, anywhere! Think about this visual; how does it advocate the message of this organization/advocacy movement? What audience is it targeting? Is it targeting this audience effectively? How was this created?
Write a SHORT (1 page) response that analyzes and critiques this visual. Your response does not need to be in any specific format, but it does need to address the following questions:
1) Who is the audience for this visual? How do you know this?
2) Is this an effective form of advocacy? Does it send the message this organization wants it to send? Why or why not?
3) What would you change about this advertisement if you were trying to make it more effective or if you were trying to target a larger audience?
NOW, it’s your turn – edit this example of advocacy using Fireworks or Photoshop!
You’ve become proficient at analyzing how visuals influence an audience—alter the advertisement you chose in order to change its message. You have options; for example, you could make the message more effective for the target audience if you found it lacking. Or, you could provide commentary about the organization by adding/subtracting elements of the image or changing colors in the image. Your new message can be ironic or serious, humorous or sobering, as long as you can justify your design choices.
Once you have re-formatted your image, write another SHORT (1 page) response analyzing your choices. Again, no specific format, but it does need to address these questions:
1) What is your new message? Did it change, or is it more effectively expressed now? Explain.
2) Why did you make the changes that you made? What specific effects did these changes have on the overall message?
3) Who is the new audience? Did the audience change when you altered the image? Why?

You will hand in to me:
1) Two 1-page response papers, one about the original image, one about the edited image.
2) Two images – the original and the edited.

BE SURE TO CITE the original image and any other information you use!