Below is our list of 32 sources. Some websites are not showing up so I included the word document as an attachment and that has all of the links to the websites.

The Changing Nature of Email: An Annotated Bibliography

Banks, Michael A. “The INTERNET, AEPANet, and Consumer Online.” EBSCOhost. Purdue University Library, West Lafayette, IN. 5 March 2008.
http://www2.lib.purdue.edu:2071/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=112&sid=22c7a0d5-...

This article gives a good history of computers and the internet and it is different from the other articles I have read about the history of the internet. It first talks about ARPAnet, the internet in its earliest days. Next it talks for a while about the first computers and how when they were still very expensive companies would purchase them and then sell time on them. It goes on for a while about computers and not necessarily the internet, so while this article is good to know for background information purposes, it does not have a lot of information that we will want to cite in our paper. It is a good generic article for everyone in the group to read, but I would place its relevance at the bottom, meaning if someone was running out of time, this would probably be the last article I would have them read. At the end of the article it talks specifically about MicroNET, which was in the early development days of the internet.

"Choosing a PDA - Apple." pdaMD. 2007. Medical Wizards. 3 Mar 2008
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This article discusses how Apple regained its footing in the market by introducing the iPhone. Its innovative features and creative design has made it one of the most talked about new products introductions in recent years. With its multi-touch interface, slim design, and full-featured web browser many consumers have invested in this unique phone. However, iPhone’s do not have third party support, the sealed battery can only be replaced by the manufacturer, there is no tactile keyboard, and they are currently restricted to the AT&T cellular network. While iPhone’s are popular, there are other things to consider. They are a considerable amount more than the average cellular phone, for instance. Consumers need to decide if it is worth it to have all the benefits and features of the iPhone given its drawbacks. Apple even released a version of the iPhone, called the iPod Touch, but it does not have phone capability. iPhone’s have been a huge wave of PDA upgrades and there are sure to be more coming.

“Choosing a PDA – Blackberry.” 2007. Medical Wizards. 5 Mar 2008 http://www.pdamd.com/content?id=34.

This article discusses Blackberry devices having a long and successful history in markets because if their exceptional ability to manage email, which is exactly the devices our group are researching. While other operating systems focus on unconnected devices and third-party software support, Blackberry gained many loyal customers by focusing on efficiently pushing email wirelessly to their devices. Being one of the largest manufacturers of PDAs, Blackberry has recently turned its attention to augmenting the library of third-party application available for devices and has recently received support from a number of large medical software publishers that have created Blackberry-compatible version of their software. One significant difference is that Blackberry devices tend to not live on the actual device, but instead leverage the wireless capability of the unit to retrieve information from a central server. Therefore, a disadvantage would be reliance on wireless data transfer because it introduces latency and limited use in poor coverage areas. The Blackberry is one more PDA device that needs to be considered for email access capabilities.

“Common Types of Electronic Mail” EnterGroup.com 2008. 2 March 2008.

This website was able to clear up some confusion I had about the different types of email. Before finding this source I did not know the difference between web mail, POP (post office protocol), IMAP(internet message access protocol), and LDAP(lightweight directory access protocol). This website also provides a comparison chart of the first three types of email that I just listed. The chart is somewhat helpful, but the most valuable information is written within the article. Web mail would be the type of email that we have at Purdue, or any other email accessed through a similar website, like google, yahoo or msn. POP mail would be programs like outlook that deal with a third party email software program. This article will be very useful as I continue researching specific software and applications to talk about in my section of the white paper. It will help me select some of the newest and most innovative email software for my writing.

Edwards, John. “False Positives Equal Lost Business”. 28 February, 2008.

This web article discusses the issue of having too much security on your email. For example if your business email systems is blocking spam to help protect the network, it may be blocking legitimate email messages. Employees will not receive these emails which can lead to lost business, decrease productivity, or damage business relationships. It is important that our white paper discusses the need and importance of email security but also covers the downfalls or problems that email security can cause. This article will help provide information on the latter. The website that this article is posted on may also help me find other resources because of all the related articles and links that it has.

“Enterprise Email Encryption Buyer’s Guide 2007”. August 2007. Osterman Research 2 March 2008.

With some much information and data being sent by email, it is important for companies to have the proper security in place to protect that information. Email encryption is one tool that can be used for this purpose. The definition of encryption is the process of converting data or information into code or ciphertext. This coded information can only be accessed by someone who has the proper encryption key. As stated in the executive summary of this source, it will provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors an organization must consider when designing, evaluating, implementing, managing, and purchasing encryption solutions for enterprise email systems. I can use this information to help define the reasons encryption is needed in the business environment and possible solutions.

Gomes, Lee. “Email Is Letter-Size In a Big-Parcel World, But Help Is Coming.” The Wall Street Journal 7 Nov. 2007. 4 March 2008.
http://www2.lib.purdue.edu:2048/login?url=http://www2.lib.purdue.edu:211...

This first source is an article from The Wall Street Journal. It was written in November 2007, so the information is still very relevant. It is specifically about how email software right now is not always allowing big attachments to be sent. It compares it to sending a letter, but not being able to send a package. This is an important article for my sub-topic of our white paper because it addresses problems with email software in regards to attachments. I know I have tried to send attachments before on my Purdue web mail account and sometimes pictures take several minutes and then I am not even sure if they sent. This article describes the reason why such large emails are not delivered and that is because companies put limits on emails so their servers do not fill up so quickly. It also lists companies that specifically have software for other companies to send larger emails without changing the email system they currently have. At the end of the article they quote Will Kennedy, the general manager for the Microsoft Outlook team, and he said that new versions make sending larger attachments easier. He said that soon big companies will be able to send larger emails, but he predicts that in homes it could still be five years before this problem is fixed.

"iGillott Research." White Paper: Wireless Access to Email Attachments and Documents. 2001. iGillott Research. 5 Mar 2008
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This article is actually a white paper about wireless access to email attachments and documents. The goals of the paper are to highlight the growth on the wireless market for email access from mobile devices, identify the strengths and weaknesses of the main methods used to provide these capabilities, and the benefits, and need for, wireless solution developers and vendors. As wireless and mobile Internet access services become more common and usable, the mobile vendor’s solutions will change to incorporate applications of greater functionality and value. Traditional market segmentations between business and consumer will disappear as services and devices allow users to mobilize all aspects of their life, from personal to professional. As a result, the competitive landscape for the mobile software and hardware vendors will shift to incorporate the changes taking place. There are also various graphs, charts, statistics, and ideas about why accessibility is changing and how to accommodate those needed changes to assist in our white paper.

Jezek, Geno. “History of Email.” History of the Internet. 2006. 2 March 2008.

This article gives a good report on the history of email. The main reason this is beneficial and relevant is because it helps clarify the general topic of email. It paints a very good picture of what email was like thirty years ago and since I was not around then, the article allows me to better understand our group topic. It also has a little bit of history of the specifics of email software and that is my main area of research for the project. It states that commercial email software began appearing in 1976 and this was just one year after software started being developed. The article is very short and easy to read and provides several facts that will be useful to include in our white paper. There is not a lot of information about the website however, so I do not know if it has the credibility that it needs to. It is copyrighted though, so I would consider it a good, reliable source.

Marsan, Carolyn Duffy. “Attacking e-mail fraud”. Network World. February 11, 2008 Volume 25, Number 6. 2 March 2008.

This article discusses how companies address the threat of email fraud. This is where scam artists send out fake emails as if it is from a legitimate company. Fake emails can hurt the company’s reputation and their customers. An example of email fraud is when you may receive an email supposedly from your bank that asks about your account information. Emails like this are just trying to gain access to your bank account and money. Businesses want to protect their information as well as ensure their customers that they are truly receiving emails from them.

Marshall Brain, Tim Crosby. "How E-mail Works". October 18, 2007. 3 March 2008. http://communication.howstuffworks.com/email.htm

After a bit of searching this source seems to be one of the best overviews of how email works, and it is titled very appropriately. Many of the self-proclaimed computer savvy have much experience using computer programs but little experience in what goes into coding and developing these programs and systems. Email has much more to do with just running an “email program” on your computer. This article does an excellent job of explaining in an easy-to-understand manner, the most important parts of what makes email work. Since my job is to focus on email hosting, this was first on my list. Since the average email user does not know how their messages really are delivered it will be my job to give a light explanation of what goes on behind the scenes. Only after the reader understands all of the working parts behind the computer screen and all the way down the network wires to the servers can I begin to advise on the latest and greatest email hosting technology.
Message Systems. “Evolution of Email Technologies.” February 23, 2007. White Paper.
This white paper will be very useful in our summary of the changing nature of email. Message Systems is an “intelligent” email gateway designed to deliver millions of messages per hour, coupling standards-based Internet messaging with innovative design. From the white paper description: “Message Systems is a high performance email application server. This next generation Message Transfer Agent (MTA) is designed to provide fast and flexible integration points with third-party message filtering solutions and to alleviate the need of excessive machinery to manage large email infrastructures. Message Systems provides an extensive set of APIs that enable partners and customers to develop powerful custom solutions quickly and efficiently.” Although this white paper is focused on promoting a specific company as a solution to email infrastructure needs, based on my research this far Message Systems does indeed provide one of the leading solutions and some useful insights into leading industry solutions.

Microsoft. “An Overview of Microsoft Exchange Server 2007.” October, 2006. White Paper. 3 March 2008.

This is a good example of a product white paper. Microsoft Exchange Server technology has been leading the industry and setting standards for more than a decade, and while businesses should consider all of their options it is important to consider why the giants are so successful. What are the differences is product functionality? In what ways has Microsoft set standards for the messaging industry? How does Microsoft’s wide program use and market reach benefit potential clients? This paper provides an architectural overview of Microsoft Exchange Server 2007’s design and workings. It gives a sizeable overview of the product’s newest and improved features. It also gives an overview of how to install and set up the technology for different purposes. I will use this to become more educated about server software and to compare against other server software options.

MindShift. “Email and IM Prep for your Next Regulatory Audit.” July 2007. White Paper. 2 March 2008.

Mindshift provides IT services for small to medium size businesses. Reportedly: “The recommendations in this document are based on mindSHIFT’s extensive experience working with our customers and supporting them through examinations and inquiries.” This paper gives an overview of another important aspect of any email infrastructure. When considering different server and hosting options businesses should keep in mind how they will meet audit regulations. There are many options for email archiving out there, but in order to meet some regulations, the company may need to be able to conduct a search of all company email for specific email based on any number of criteria. Logging instant messages from company mobile devices on the server for records and searching can be overlooked and may require some sophisticated technology to integrate with the current infrastructure. This paper provides a list of useful best practices and considerations for these purposes.

Mozilla.com. 2008. Mozilla. 2 March 2008.

Mozilla’s website gives an in depth description of one of their newer products, Thunderbird 2. This is an email application that has recently been improved and it seems to be one of the best software applications I have come across so far. The page in listed under the products and there is plenty of information to understand the product. I know this site is credible and I have heard of Mozilla before, so all of the information is reliable. This site will help me explain new software that makes emailing more efficient and easier. Specifically, Thunderbird 2 has several components that make it a good application for any company to choose. It is better than some typical web mail applications because it has advanced folder views and message tagging (i.e. done, to do, vacation). It also has message history navigation, improved search, saved search, message alerts and templates. Another bonus of this application is that web mail accounts can be integrated. To me it seems like this program is very easy to use and I think it will be good to talk about this, because an application like this could definitely help the efficiency of email within a company.

Osborn, Alice. “Seven Reasons to host business email.” January 2008. Inc. Technology . March 5, 2008. http://technology.inc.com/internet/articles/200801/hostemail.html.
This article discusses how there are increasing opportunities for businesses to outsource their email hosting. While big business may find it most cost efficient to operate their own servers host their own email, many small and medium businesses are choosing to get help from the experts. While a large business may have a large and well-developed IT department, smaller business struggle to keep up with growing demand and new technology. Businesses like USA.NET are now specializing in email hosting for other business. They provide immediate service, experienced best practices, and reliable tech support for companies that stand to make more money in the short term by leaving the email to the experts. The article lists: reliability, affordability, security, support, mobility, collaboration, and compliance as reason to outsource email hosting. While recent advances in email technology certainly give businesses more options, it’s also important to consider that outsourcing you email IT may be the best way to take advantage of them.

“Outbound Email and Content Security in Today’s Enterprise, 2007”. July 2007. Proofpoint, Inc. 3 March 2008.

This document provides a lot of information about the risks of information sent by email. It also contains the results of a survey completed by 308 US companies on their concerns, priorities and plans related to the content of email leaving their organizations and the security of confidential information. I think that this resource will help give our white paper a lot of validation because of the survey it has performed, the statistics it has gathered, and the insight of actual companies. It also covers a lot of different tools that are used in email security and the benefits or downfalls of these tools.

"PDA Advantages." WebCPA. July 1, 2004. WebCPA. 3 Mar 2008
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I chose this article because I want to explain in the paper why these new devices are considered to be beneficial to society. It discusses that many of the PDA’s are sold for under $200, so cost is less of an issue these days. If you were to use a paper-based system, you may even spend more time and money re-recording information in the long run. Besides cost, it also mentions maintenance being less of an issue. PDA’s save time in “carrying information forward.” Addresses are brought forward and new items are even inserted alphabetically. Even if you switch PDA devices, all appointments and contacts carry forward without re-keying. Flipping through a PDA also takes seconds and you can be reminded of events even when you not near your desktop computer. PDA’s made individuals immediately aware of scheduling conflicts and allow for work to be done/schedules to be followed wherever you are.

PostPath. “Email and Collaboration Server.” May 16, 2007. White Paper. 3 March 2008.

This is a white paper by a company called PostPath. Much of email technology today is very standards-compliant. It is very important to develop standards so that different businesses and technologies can specialize. Multiple businesses can offer different technologies that can be compared and switched out for different parts. However, some companies have heavy influence on industry standards that can stifle competition. Currently Microsoft Exchange Server own most of the business email market share. They are maintaining a firm hold because many other email applications depend on integration with Microsoft Exchange servers including Outlook email, mobile, and voicemail technologies. PostPath offers a Linux-based “drop-in alternative to Microsoft Exchange™”. Although listing the advantages and disadvantages of using different operating systems is a different discussion altogether, it is important to consider more than the most widely used email options. If using a Linux-based infrastructure is important to your business, this may be your best bet. Should you switch to Linux in order to avoid Microsoft’s market stranglehold? There’s no right answer, but this article will help you get the facts straight.

Premiere Global Services. “8 Thursdays 2.0” April 27, 2007. White Paper. 3 March 2008.

This will be a valuable source for identifying best practices in the messaging industry. The paper is called 8 Thursdays because email marketers from Premiere Global Services met every Thursday for 8 weeks to discuss best practices for the messaging industry. Many topics were discussed, but only one topic from each weekly discussion was included in this white paper. I believe this source will be a valuable look into the concerns of business email users. I will read the text in full to identify similarities and differences with my other email sources. Much of the document is likely to also be useful for my group members because I am specifically focused on email hosting. I am especially interested to hear about email hosting from the perspective of “best practices.”

Regulations Shift Focus on Outbound Email Security Proofpoint. ZDNet.com. November 2007. 1 March, 2008.
http://whitepapers.zdnet.com/whitepaper.aspx?&cname=Authentication+-+Enc...

This is a pdf file that I downloaded from the website. It reviews some of the government regulations and guidelines pertaining to email security and protection of information sent by email. These regulations are put in place to protect the information of businesses and people that are sent electronically through email. There are strict penalties and fines for companies that do not follow the regulations. This can cost a company financially and in public relations. An example of this is how hospitals have patient information that is sent in emails and is not protected. I will review some of these regulations in the white paper.

Ryan, Bob and Simonds, Lauren. “Buyer’s Guide: How to Buy a Server.” September 27, 2005. Small Business Computing. http://www.smallbusinesscomputing.com/buyersguide/article.php/3551641.

This article was very helpful learning the basics of server hardware. While server software can be run on almost any machine with a processor, dedicated servers have some extra special needs. Dedicated servers need loads of memory and not as much processing power or CPU as PCs. They will be focused on running a few server applications, not memory hogging Microsoft office apps. While servers can be built from the ground up using commodity computer parts, it may be a better idea to buy specially built server machines. Companies that specialize in server hardware have best practices that will keep a system running day and night. This is important because a server crash can take down an entire business. Crashing a company’s email might as well be as bad as no electricity. No communication… no work. The article lists the following criteria when looking for server hardware: form factor, processor and memory, storage options, expandability, and service and manageability. These are reliable insights for someone who’s looking for a base of knowledge in server hardware.

Stewart, William. “Email Client Applications” livinginternet.com. 2007. 2 March 2008.

This internet page itself does not have that much information, but it provides seven links that more specifically describe different email applications. This website would be helpful for my other group members to look at, but it would not be necessary for them to look in depth at all of the links. It gives a basic understanding of email applications and for this project, because of the way we have split it up, this site is very beneficial for me, but my group will not be able to use anything from this site in their topics. This site also brings up talk of viruses with certain applications and that is something that I initially did not think about. Most important though are the links. In the first “web email” link it gives advantages and disadvantages to web mail. These will be useful in discussing what applications would be best for a business. Other links give lists and more links to specific applications and software. The one downfall is that there are literally hundreds and I am going to need to search through and find the best and maybe even worst applications.

Subramanian, P. V. “Developing Applications for the RIM BlackBerry.” O’Reilly Wireless Devcenter.” 22 June 2001. 5 March 2008.
http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/wireless/2001/06/22/rim.html?page=2

This article is about BlackBerries and since it was written in 2001, it would help explain the history of the BlackBerry. I am not familiar enough with the RIM BlackBerry, but I am sure I will be after I continue my research and read the other sources from my group. This source could help Erin since she is writing about these types of technologies. The article was a bit confusing for me just because of all of the technological lingo. It mainly just explains the RIM (Research In Motion) BlackBerry. It explains its capabilities as well as its hardware and the applications on it. I could possibly talk about applications on these types of devices, but I think I will stay away from that just because I will have so much to cover without even going into depth about applications other than those on email. This article is good for the history of BlackBerries since they have not been around long, but I need to follow up with more recent articles.

"Symbian." pdaMD. 2007. Medical Wizards. 5 Mar 2008 .

This article discusses Symbian, an operating system unfamiliar to North America. It is a widely used handheld device overseas and it powers many of the cellular telephones used domestically, such as Nokia, Ericsson, Sony, Panasonic, Siemens AG, and Samsung. Symbian does have a fair degree of support from third-party application developers who have created a variety of software programs that can be installed to applicable devices. Because the operating system is more widely known outside of North America, the software library that is available for it tends to be based on content from areas such as Europe. One of its advantages is that it supports a wide range of third-party applications; however a disadvantage is that software applications are generally more suited to users outside of North America. This article gives me an idea of other devices used compared to the common ones that we typically hear about, such as the iPhone. My part of the paper is to explore more devices that allow for email accessibility and Symbian is one of them.

Taylor, Laura. “PDA Security101”. Intranetjournal.com. April 7, 2003. 3 March 2008.
http://www.intranetjournal.com/articles/200304/ij_04_07_03a.html

Even though this web article is from a few years ago it does have important information about the need to protect your PDA’s and portable devices. Since there are multiple devices that you can use to access your email, such as laptops, PDA’s, and phones, you have to ensure that these devices have the proper security in place to ensure the safety or your information. It also describes how there continues to be an increase in the number of viruses and threats designed for PDA’s. As this type of threat grows, companies have to be prepared to protect their mobile devices. This article provides a list of security products for PDA’s that will help me find more information about this topic.

Totty, Michael. “Technology (A Special Report); Rethinking the Inbox: We aren’t going to give up email; But we can be a lot smarter about the way we use it.” The Wall Street Journal 26 March 2007. 4 March 2008.
http://www2.lib.purdue.edu:2048/login?url=http://www2.lib.purdue.edu:211...

This article is also from the Wall Street Journal and it has a lot of useful information on the subject of current email applications. It first stresses the importance of email and how people have a hard time wanting to acclimate with different software, even though they are created to make email easier to use. A useful quote for my group to understand and we could possibly use this in the general history part of our white paper is: “Electronic mail was invented in 1971, but wasn't widely adopted by businesses until the late 1980s, with the arrival of Lotus Notes and other programs. Since then, its use in the corporate world has exploded: Research firm Radicati Group Inc. estimates the average corporate email user sent and received about 171 messages a day last year, a number expected to double by 2010.” I just found this fact to be very interesting and I feel like it will get the audience thinking and help them see how relevant our topic is. Further down in the article it talks about specific programs that are the frontrunners for making email applications easier. It talks about Microsoft’s newest product, SharePoint and how they are testing it at Marquette. It then talks about Lotus Notes 8, and IBM product and it give specifics things that it offers. Notes 8 has instant messaging, a built-in word-processor, and software for spreadsheets and presentations. It also talks about a company that has been testing the updated application. The last company it talks about is Zmibra, Inc. and its special features. It gives specific examples of how it helps certain companies. All of these new applications will be helpful when I am sorting out what kind of email applications to talk about.

"Types of Devices available today including Advantages and Disdvatanges." February 2008. www.pdaRD.com. 3 Mar 2008. .

This article was very helpful too because our paper is not just about promoting one particular means of email access. This gives both the advantages and disadvantages of different devices available today, including Palms, Pocket PC’s, Smartphones, RIM Blackberries, and Apple iPhones. To elaborate on a few, Palms are cheap, have many programs available, and are sold in stores, but they have no replaceable battery, no voice recorders, and no new handheld devices introduces since October 2005. Pocket PC’s have replaceable batteries and voice recorders, but have a short battery life, are considered slightly slower and more expensive, and have fewer programs available. Smarthphones combine cellular and PDA technology, some have push email, and there is wide selection, but the screens are smaller and additional charges are sometimes included. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of RIM Blackberries and Apple iPhones, but I will elaborate on those in other research articles.

Valdes, Leo. "Accessibility on the Internet." United Nations enable . 2006. United Nations enable. 5 Mar 2008 .

This article discusses internet/email accessibility as a whole. It elaborates on needing flexibility in order to accommodate each user’s needs and preferences. While accessibility issues can be geared toward the disabled, it is also geared toward people whose communication infrastructures or capabilities are not advanced or not in place. Accessibility is so important because it helps achieve societal goals of full participation and of equality. For many people in the world, access to email, or even just a communication hub, is considered a luxury. Although costs are dropping, users pay heavily for every kilobyte of email received. In countries where connections are slow and/or expensive people use the Internet sparsely: they will turn off graphics when surfing and they will not read and create email off-line. However, these people do not have control over the size of email messages being sent to them. Because of these people with limited or no access, we need to create enough public terminals, such as internet cafes and/or computers able to access internet in libraries, airports, etc. to accommodate and keep as many lines of communication open as possible.

"What is a PDA?." pdaMD. 2007. Medical Wizards. 3 Mar 2008. .

This article discusses PDA’s, or Personal Digital Assistants. They cover a broad range of devices and technology as well. They have become so advanced and full of features that people often refer to them as “handheld computers.” The ones being introduced and manufactured today hardly even resemble PDA’s a couple years back because of all the updated technological that has been incorporated. PDA’s were originally designed to replace paper-based planners. This article talks about how they went from simply electronic tools that would manage appointments, phone numbers, and short notes to high-tech devices that come out with new and improved features, such as third-party software support, email capabilities, web browsing, audio/video playback and integrated cellular phones. PDA’s make use of a synchronizing process that allows the device and a desktop computer to update each other on information. PDA’s encompass many operating systems such as Palm, Microsoft, Symbian, Apple, and Research in Motion. This article will assist me in discussing the overall idea of PDA devices.

“Whitepapers”. Messagelabs.com. 2008. 2 March 2008.

This website provides multiple whitepapers detailing a variety of email topics. I will use some of these whitepapers for information pertaining to the business importance of email and the security of email. These are a few titles of the papers that I will reference, “Minimizing the Risks Associated with Email, Web, and Instant Message Communications”, “Green, Regs and Spam: Cost, Policy and Junk Mail”, and “Businesses Beware: The New Battlefront on Web and Email Attacks”. These whitepapers examine the business need for email, the threats of email attacks, the business costs of these threats, and ways to secure against these threats. With such a vast amount of sources that this site provides, it will be a valuable resource in my research.

Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia.com. 1 March 2008.

This is an online encyclopedia website that has information on virtually every subject. I will use this site to help gather information on our topic and use the links and resources it provides to find additional information. Before the internet, encyclopedias were an important tool when doing research on different topics. Today, you can do the same type of encyclopedia research online with this site. It also details the different sources and articles that were used to compose that topics information. Even when I first started using this site to do research for our project, I was able to open up several other online articles that will help me develop our white paper. I will make sure that I reference these additional sources but I want to list this site as being one of the major sources that I will be using during this project.